Accretion marks in BM and BR corner. Black transfer marks in areas RM, LM and TL. Color transfer mark to area LM, although it may be inherent to picture.
Yellow stain in TR corner of mat. Light yellow discoloration running down the complete left edge of the picture, alongside the mat edge. Very light discoloration (apparent graphite mark) along top horizontal register.
Chief Joseph 'Hanmaton Talatkit' (ca. 1832-1904). By the close of 1876 the Sioux had been pacified enough that Manifest Destiny could focus her attention and Gatling guns on the Nez Perce of Oregon and Washington where gold had been discovered. Although he had always advocated coexistence with the white man, Chief Joseph was forced from his native home into a three-month, 1300 mile flight through what are today four states and twice across the Rocky Mountains, defeating the U.S. Army in seven major battles. He came within forty miles of sanctuary, the Canadian border, where he envisioned joining Sitting Bull and his exiled people, when his sick and starving band was overtaken by General Miles and one-armed General O.O. Howard. Joseph surrendered October 5, 1877. General Miles agreed to return the Nez Perce to the west; instead, they were sent to Indian Territory. Joseph was so successful a military leader and so influential a tribal leader that he was never allowed to return to his homeland and people. It was said that upon Joseph's exiled death in September of 1904, the agency doctor identified the cause of death as 'broken heart'. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Arthur D. Amiotte is a member of Oglala Sioux Tribe. Educated in the U.S., Amiotte has worked on and edited numerous native art and myth books. As a recognized artist, Amiotte won many awards and honors from various North American arts foundations. Amiotte has been exhibited extensively in the United States and Canada. (The Art Gallery of Southwestern Manitoba files)
