Skip header and navigation

Revise Search

20 records – page 1 of 1.

Brandon University convocation (audio visual) - May 1986

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4760
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Creator
Morris Studios - Brandon
Description Level
Item
Series Number
13
File Number
13.1.15
Item Number
13.1.15
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Scope and Content
Brandon University convocation AM (May 24, 1986) BUC-86AM Time: 60:00 end cue "all the music ? step forward . . . "
Notes
The second part of the video is located at 13.1.16 in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Storage Location
Brandon University photograph collection Series 13: Videos
Related Material
Morris Predinchuck series (convocation photographs) in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Show Less

Brandon University convocation (audio visual) - May 1986

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4761
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Creator
Morris Studios - Brandon
Description Level
Item
Series Number
13
File Number
13.1.16
Item Number
13.1.16
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Scope and Content
Brandon University convocation AM (May 24, 1986) BUC-86-B-AM Time: 30
Notes
The first part of the video is located at 13.1.15 in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Storage Location
Brandon University photograph collection Series 13: Videos
Related Material
Morris Predinchuck series (convocation photographs) in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Show Less

Lovstrom survey 1986

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions12409
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
Sub sub series
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Accession Number
1-2010
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
Sub sub series
Series Number
3.1.2
Accession Number
1-2010
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Material Details
Field journals have been scanned in multi-page PDF files. Artifact catalogues are PDF files in spreadsheet format. Photographs are in jpeg format.
History / Biographical
Directed by Dr. Nicholson with Brenda Kramarchuck as crew chief, two students from Brandon University were hired to excavate an additional sample of 15 1m2 units in 1986. This work confirmed the results of the first season, and resulted in an increased sample of faunal material, lithics, ceramics, and in the identification of distinctive ceramic clusters from different locations within the locale. These two seasons of testing satisfactorily demonstrated the presence of a large Prehistoric locale containing the remains of Late Woodland occupation which included lithics, ceramics and reasonably well preserved faunal remains.
Scope and Content
Sub-sub-sub series contains: Summary information of field methology, number and co-ordinates of excavations, personnel and their staff position; Field journals are daily records of recoveries, features and activities at the site; Site records include excavation level and unit summaries, feature sheets, profiles; sample records and maps; Artifact catalogues are lists and identifications of all artifacts recovered; Photographs are of excavation units, features, the landscape and personnel.
Name Access
Lovstrom survey 1986
Subject Access
Archaeology Lovstrom locale Lovstrom survey Lovstrom survey 1986
Show Less

Brandon University class of 1986 badge

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4917
Part Of
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Description Level
Item
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Accession Number
13-2007
Part Of
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Description Level
Item
Series Number
16.2
Item Number
18
Item Number Range
18
Accession Number
13-2007
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Physical Description
1 item
Custodial History
Item was accessioned in 2007 by the McKee Archives. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Consists of a BU Class of 1986 badge. Measuring 3.5 x 3.5", the badge is whte with blue writing and embroidered border. It reads "Class of 86 Brandon University."
Notes
Part of BU 16.2 Artifacts - apparel.
Storage Location
RG 6 Brandon University fonds Series16: Brandon University/College artifacts 16.2 Artifacts - apparel Box 1
Show Less

Lovstrom survey 1986 - Nicholson field journal

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions12539
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
File
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Accession Number
1-2010
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Creator
Bev Nicholson
Description Level
File
Series Number
3.1.2.2
File Number
1
Accession Number
1-2010
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Physical Description
6 pages
Material Details
Field journals have been scanned in multi-page PDF files.
Scope and Content
Record of daily observations at the site including: excavation methods, items recovered, features, local environment and weather.
Name Access
Lovstrom survey 1986 - Nicholson field journal
Subject Access
Archaeology Lovstrom locale Lovstrom survey 1986 Lovstrom survey 1986 - Nicholson field journal
Documents

3.1.2.2.1_Nicholson.pdf

Read PDF Download PDF
Show Less

Lovstrom survey 1986 - site co-ordinates

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions12411
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
sub sub sub series
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Accession Number
1-2010
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
sub sub sub series
Series Number
3.1.2.1
Accession Number
1-2010
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Material Details
Field journals have been scanned in multi-page PDF files. Artifact catalogues are PDF files in spreadsheet format. Photographs are in jpeg format.
History / Biographical
Under Dr. Nicholson’s direction and crew chief Brenda Kramarchuk with crew of Kate Peach and Blaine Frenette an additional sample of 15 units were excavated in 1986. This work confirmed the results of the first season, and resulted in an increased sample of faunal material, lithics, ceramics, and in the identification of distinctive ceramic clusters from different locations within the locale. These two seasons of testing satisfactorily demonstrated the presence of a large Prehistoric locale that warranted further exploration.
Scope and Content
Sub-sub-sub series contains: Summary information of field methology, number and co-ordinates of excavations, personnel and their staff position.
Name Access
Lovstrom survey 1986 - site co-ordinates
Subject Access
Archaeology Lovstrom locale Lovstrom survey 1986
Documents

3.1.2.1_Summary.pdf

Read PDF Download PDF
Show Less

Lovstrom survey 1986 - Brenda Kramarchuk field journal

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions12414
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
File
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Accession Number
1-2010
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Creator
Brenda Kramarchuk
Description Level
File
Series Number
3.1.2.2
File Number
2
Accession Number
1-2010
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Physical Description
22 pages
Material Details
Field journals have been scanned in multi-page PDF files.
Scope and Content
Record of daily observations at the site including: excavation methods, items recovered, features, local environment and weather.
Name Access
Lovstrom survey 1986 - Brenda Kramarchuk field journal
Subject Access
Archaeology Lovstrom locale Lovstrom survey 1986 Lovstrom survey 1986 - Brenda Kramarchuk field journal
Documents

3.1.2.2.2_Kramarchuk.pdf

Read PDF Download PDF
Show Less

Lovstrom survey 1986 - Kate Peach field journal

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions12415
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
File
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Accession Number
1-2010
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Creator
Kate Peach
Description Level
File
Series Number
3.1.2.2
File Number
3
Accession Number
1-2010
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Physical Description
pages 1 to 31
Material Details
Field journals have been scanned in multi-page PDF files.
Scope and Content
Record of daily observations at the site including: excavation methods, items recovered, features, local environment and weather.
Name Access
Lovstrom survey 1986 - Kate Peach field journal
Subject Access
Archaeology Lovstrom locale Lovstrom survey 1986 Lovstrom survey 1986 - Kate Peach field journal
Documents

3.1.2.2.3 K_Peach.pdf

Read PDF Download PDF
Show Less

Lovstrom survey 1986 - Blaine Frenette field journal

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions12416
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
File
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Accession Number
1-2010
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Creator
Blaine Frenette
Description Level
File
Series Number
3.1.2.2
File Number
4
Accession Number
1-2010
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1986
Physical Description
42 pages
Material Details
Field journals have been scanned in multi-page PDF files.
Scope and Content
Record of daily observations at the site including: excavation methods, items recovered, features, local environment and weather.
Name Access
Lovstrom survey 1986 - Blaine Frenette field journal
Subject Access
Archaeology Lovstrom locale Lovstrom survey 1986 Lovstrom survey 1986 -Blaine Frenette field journal
Documents

3.1.2.2.4_B_Frenette.pdf

Read PDF Download PDF
Show Less
Part Of
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Description Level
File
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1969
Part Of
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Description Level
File
Series Number
4.2
File Number
175
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1969
Physical Description
1 file
Scope and Content
File consists of a form design, correspondence, general specifications for a portable classroom unit, and 5 slides.
Storage Location
RG 6 Brandon University fonds Series 4: Office of the Vice-President 4.2 Office of the Vice-President (Administration & Finance) Box 5
Show Less

Brandon University convocation (audio visual) 1987

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4740
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Creator
Morris Studios - Brandon
Description Level
Item
Series Number
13
File Number
13.1.1
Item Number
13.1.1
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Scope and Content
Brandon University 76th convocation, 1987 87-BUCPM-60A Time: 62:19 "The values and the priorities of the society to which you are moving"
Notes
The second part of the video is located at 13.1.12 in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Storage Location
Brandon University photograph collection Series 13: Videos
Related Material
Morris Predinchuck series (convocation photographs) in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Show Less

Brandon University convocation (audio visual) - 1987

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4754
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Creator
Morris Studios - Brandon
Description Level
Item
Series Number
13
File Number
13.1.12
Item Number
13.1.12
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Scope and Content
Brandon University 76th convocation (1987) 87-BUCPM-60B Time: 27:00
Notes
The first part of the video is located at 13.1.1 in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Storage Location
Brandon University photograph collection Series 13: Videos
Related Material
Morris Predinchuck series (convocation photographs) in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Show Less

Brandon University convocation (audio visual) - 1987

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4755
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Creator
Morris Studios - Brandon
Description Level
Item
Series Number
13
File Number
13.1.13
Item Number
13.1.13
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Scope and Content
Brandon University 76th convocation (1987) 87-BUCAM-59A Time: 62:15 "Mr. Chancellor, please confer the degree of Doctor of Laws"
Notes
The second part of the video is located at 13.1.14 in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Storage Location
Brandon University photograph collection Series 13: Videos
Related Material
Morris Predinchuck series (convocation photographs) in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Show Less

Brandon University convocation (audio visual) - 1987

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4759
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Creator
Morris Studios - Brandon
Description Level
Item
Series Number
13
File Number
13.1.14
Item Number
13.1.14
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Scope and Content
Brandon University 76th convocation (1987) 87-BUCAM-59B Time: 23:02
Notes
The first part of the video is located at 13.1.13 in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Storage Location
Brandon University photograph collection Series 13: Videos
Related Material
Morris Predinchuck series (convocation photographs) in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Show Less

Bernice C. East interview

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions14528
Part Of
Westman Oral History collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
sound recordings
Date Range
December 4, 1981
Accession Number
35-1998
Part Of
Westman Oral History collection
Description Level
Item
Item Number
OH045.Eas
Accession Number
35-1998
GMD
sound recordings
Date Range
December 4, 1981
Physical Description
1 audio cassette [00:25:00]
History / Biographical
Berncie Caroline East (nee McDonald) was born on August 30, 1914 at Brookdale, MB in the RM of North Cypress. She attended Brookdale school, Brandon Collegiate Institute (BCI) and the Winnipeg Normal School. Her BA was achieved by corresondence and night classes from the University of Manitoba in 1963. As a teacher, Bernice taught at Tremaine, Brookdale, Minnedosa and Elton. Bernice married Laurence Overton East (1911-2003) on July 4, 1942. They did not have any children. The couple farmed in the Hunterville district until Laurie retired in 1976. They moved to Brandon in 1992. Bernice loved the oudoors and gardening, as well as square dancing and music. For a number of years, Bernice and Laurie kept a Bluebird line. The couple also enjoyed travel. Bernice was also active and supportive in community affairs, spending time as a Director on the Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame Board. Bernice East died on April 13, 2006 in Brandon, MB. She is buried at Rapid City Cemetery.
Custodial History
As part of the Westman Oral History Collection, this collection was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 1998. The original tapes from the Westman Oral History project were deposited in the Brandon Public Library. Copies of these originals were made by Margaret Pollex of the Brandon University Language Lab at the request of Eileen McFadden, University Archivist in the early 1990s. These copies compose the collection held in the McKee Archives.
Scope and Content
Item is an audiocassette tape containing an interview with Bernice East about aspects of education in Odanah Municipality, 1880-1981. Interviewer is Mae Johnson.
Notes
History/bio information from the records and East's obituary. Description by Christy Henry.
Language Note
English
Related Material
OH044 Lawrie O. East
Audio Tracks
Show Less

C. Lem Shuttleworth interview

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions14534
Part Of
Westman Oral History collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
sound recordings
Date Range
November 12, 1981
Accession Number
35-1998
Part Of
Westman Oral History collection
Description Level
Item
Item Number
OH122.Shu
Accession Number
35-1998
GMD
sound recordings
Date Range
November 12, 1981
Physical Description
1 audio cassette [01:00:00]
History / Biographical
Charles Lemington Norman "Lem" Shuttleworth was born on September 28, 1910 on the family homestead in the RM of Odanah near Minnedosa, MB. He attended school at Rookhurst, Moore Park and the Manitoba College of Agriculture. A farmer, Lem started his career in politics as Reeve of the RM of Odanah. In 1949, he was elected to the provincial legislature serving as a cabinet minister until 1959 for Agriculture and Public Utilities in the government of Premier Douglas Campbell. In 1965, he was appointed as a member of the Canadian Board of Grain Commissioners; during this perioed he chaird a committee conducting a complete revision of the Canadian Grains Act. Lem was appointed the first chairman of the Board of the Canadian International Grains Institute in 1972. Lem married Charlotte May Sedgwick (1912-1981) on September 25, 1935 and together they raised two children: Elaine and David. The family lived on the home farm and although they moved to Winnipeg in 1953, they continued to operate the farm. In 1977, Lem retired and he and Charlotte returned to the home farm near Minnedosa. In 1982, Lem received a Certificate of Merit from the University of Manitoba for his contribution in the field of agriculture, and in 1996, he was inducted as a member of the Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame. In retirement, Lem volunteered at the Minnedosa Heritage Museum, was an active member of th Prince of Wales Masonnic Lodge, the Rotary Club of Minnedosa and the Minnedosa United Church. In 1995, Lem married his third wife, Mae Johnson. In 2001, Lem donated the family farm near Minnedosa to the University of Manitoba for research purposes. The land was subsequently known as the Shuttleworth Research Farm. Lem Shuttleworth died on April 13, 2006 in Minnedosa, MB. He is buried at Minnedosa Cemetery.
Custodial History
As part of the Westman Oral History Collection, this collection was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 1998. The original tapes from the Westman Oral History project were deposited in the Brandon Public Library. Copies of these originals were made by Margaret Pollex of the Brandon University Language Lab at the request of Eileen McFadden, University Archivist in the early 1990s. These copies compose the collection held in the McKee Archives.
Scope and Content
Item is an audiocassette tape containing an interview with Lem Shuttleworth about his experiences in politics in Manitoba. Interviewer is Mae Johnson.
Notes
History/bio information from the records, the Minnedosa local history "Minnedosa Valley views" and Shuttleworth's obituary. Description by Christy Henry.
Language Note
English
Audio Tracks
Show Less

C. Lem Shuttleworth interview

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions14535
Part Of
Westman Oral History collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
sound recordings
Date Range
May 21, 1982
Accession Number
35-1998
Part Of
Westman Oral History collection
Description Level
Item
Item Number
OH137.Shu
Accession Number
35-1998
GMD
sound recordings
Date Range
May 21, 1982
Physical Description
1 audio cassette [00:35:00]
History / Biographical
Charles Lemington Norman "Lem" Shuttleworth was born on September 28, 1910 on the family homestead in the RM of Odanah near Minnedosa, MB. He attended school at Rookhurst, Moore Park and the Manitoba College of Agriculture. A farmer, Lem started his career in politics as Reeve of the RM of Odanah. In 1949, he was elected to the provincial legislature serving as a cabinet minister until 1959 for Agriculture and Public Utilities in the government of Premier Douglas Campbell. In 1965, he was appointed as a member of the Canadian Board of Grain Commissioners; during this perioed he chaird a committee conducting a complete revision of the Canadian Grains Act. Lem was appointed the first chairman of the Board of the Canadian International Grains Institute in 1972. Lem married Charlotte May Sedgwick (1912-1981) on September 25, 1935 and together they raised two children: Elaine and David. The family lived on the home farm and although they moved to Winnipeg in 1953, they continued to operate the farm. In 1977, Lem retired and he and Charlotte returned to the home farm near Minnedosa. In 1982, Lem received a Certificate of Merit from the University of Manitoba for his contribution in the field of agriculture, and in 1996, he was inducted as a member of the Manitoba Agricultural Hall of Fame. In retirement, Lem volunteered at the Minnedosa Heritage Museum, was an active member of th Prince of Wales Masonnic Lodge, the Rotary Club of Minnedosa and the Minnedosa United Church. In 1995, Lem married his third wife, Mae Johnson. In 2001, Lem donated the family farm near Minnedosa to the University of Manitoba for research purposes. The land was subsequently known as the Shuttleworth Research Farm. Lem Shuttleworth died on April 13, 2006 in Minnedosa, MB. He is buried at Minnedosa Cemetery.
Custodial History
As part of the Westman Oral History Collection, this collection was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 1998. The original tapes from the Westman Oral History project were deposited in the Brandon Public Library. Copies of these originals were made by Margaret Pollex of the Brandon University Language Lab at the request of Eileen McFadden, University Archivist in the early 1990s. These copies compose the collection held in the McKee Archives.
Scope and Content
Item is an audiocassette tape containing an interview with Lem Shuttleworth about early days in the Odanah Municipality. Interviewer is Mae Johnson.
Notes
History/bio information from the records, the Minnedosa local history "Minnedosa Valley views" and Shuttleworth's obituary. Description by Christy Henry.
Language Note
English
Audio Tracks
Show Less

Lovstrom Block C - summary

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions12517
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
Sub-series
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Accession Number
1-2010
Part Of
RG 7 Beverley Nicholson fonds
Description Level
Sub-series
Series Number
3.4
Accession Number
1-2010
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
History / Biographical
Block C was situated in sparse oak forest with an understory of saskatoon, hazelnut and a thick ground cover of poison ivy and sarsaparilla. The block measured 3m and 3m and contained nine excavation units. All units were excavated to 35cm below surface. The soil horizons were much like the other blocks, except for a rusty brown stain in the first level, giving the upper black loam a mottled appearance. The brown patches were clay mixed with loam and were harder than the surrounding matrix. No definitive interpretation of these phenomena was attempted but this effect may be the result of natural brush or forest fires. Under the 5cm so d/humus (Ah) layer, the loam horizon extended approximately 5cm – 25 cm below surface, and averaged 20 cm thick. Bone was concentrated within this horizon between 10 cm – 20 cm below surface. Block C was notable for its concentrations of articulated bison bone. Most noteworthy was an articulated unit composed of lumbar vertebrae, pelvis, and sacrum. Several thoracic vertebra/proximal rib end concentrations were also recovered. There were more vertebrae and rib sections recovered in the units in proportion to other bones. A few sherds, some debitage and a single Prairie Side-Notched point fragment were among the recoveries. Based on the quantity of bone, the density of the bone layer, and the articulated butchering units the area has been interpreted as a bone midden. Faunal material was analysed by Jessica MacKenzie for her Honours Thesis: "A reconstruction of butchering processes in Block C from the Lovstrom site DjLx-1 in Southwestern Manitoba." Radiocarbon date: 850/115BP XU 79.
Scope and Content
Sub-sub-sub series contains: Summary information of field methology, number and co-ordinates of excavations, personnel and their staff position; Field journals are daily records of recoveries, features and activities at the site; Site records include excavation level and unit summaries, feature sheets, profiles; sample records and maps; Artifact catalogues are lists and identifications of all artifacts recovered; Photographs are of excavation units, features, the landscape and personnel.
Name Access
Lovstrom Block C - summary
Subject Access
Archaeology Lovstrom locale Lovstrom Block C
Show Less

Brandon University convocation (audio visual) - October 1987

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4741
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Description Level
Item
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Part Of
Brandon University Photograph Collection
Creator
Morris Studios - Brandon
Description Level
Item
Series Number
13
File Number
13.1.2
Item Number
13.1.2
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1987
Scope and Content
Brandon University Fall convocation and awards ceremonies (October 31, 1987) 87-BUCF-69A Time: 62:00 Bishop DeRoo: "Rapid City was reached on the eigth day after leaving Winnipeg"
Storage Location
Brandon University photograph collection Series 13: Videos
Related Material
Morris Predinchuck series (convocation photographs) in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Show Less

Brandon University convocation (audio visual) - May 1990

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4742
Part Of
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Description Level
Item
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1990
Part Of
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Creator
Morris Studios - Brandon
Description Level
Item
Series Number
13
File Number
13.1.3
Item Number
13.1.3
GMD
multiple media
Date Range
1990
Scope and Content
79th Annual Brandon University spring convocation (May 26, 1990) - am 90-BUCS-121A Time: 59:00
Notes
The second part of the video is located at 13.1.7 in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Storage Location
Brandon University photograph collection Series 13: Videos
Related Material
Morris Predinchuck series (convocation photographs) in the Brandon University photograph collection.
Show Less

20 records – page 1 of 1.