Wilfred Whyte McCutcheon was born 20 April 1919 in Leeds Village, Quebec. McCutcheon attended Macdonald College at McGill University, graduating with a Bachelor of Agriculture in 1942. He completed a Bachelor of Science in 1943 at Concordia, a Bachelor of Arts in 1944, and a Bachelor of Education at Acadia in 1946. McCutcheon gained a Master's Degree in Economics from the University of Toronto in 1948 and completed his Doctoral studes at Cornell University in 1951. McCutcheon spent 1951-52 at the London Institute of Education engaged in postdoctoral studies.
McCutcheon was appointed the Dean of the Faculty of Education at Brandon College in 1955. He was the first Dean of Education at Brandon University. McCutcheon served as Dean until 1967.
With Ms. Joan Garnett, Co-ordinator of the Office of BU Alumni Relations, McCutcheon helped to to establish many awards. With the collaboration of "Tommy" Douglas, Mrs. J.G. Diefenbaker, and Mr. D.L. Campbell, he assisted in the creation of the JRC Evans Student Loan Fund as a memorial tribute to Dr J.R.C. Evans, President of Brandon College 1928-1959.
From 1967 to 1974, McCutcheon taught at the Ottawa Teachers' College, later integrated into the Faculty of Education at the University of Ottawa.
McCutcheon authored over fifty academic articles. He was awarded a honorary Doctor of Education by Brandon University in 1989 and an honorary Doctor of Laws from Concordia University in 1996.
Wilfred Whyte McCutcheon died 31 March 2008. He was predeceased by his wife Phyllis Bishop in 2003.
Custodial History
These records were in Dr. McCutcheon's possession until his death. They were donated to the S.J. McKee Archives by his estate executors and delivered to the archives by Mr. Gerald Brown on their behalf.
Scope and Content
Fonds contains correspondence, pamphlets, publications, photographs, dilpomas and certificates of standing, newspaper clippings, a report prepared by Dr. McCutcheon for the Canadian Governor General's Office concerning the Canadian honours system, a copy of Dr. McCutcheon's doctoral thesis - Cornell University, 1951- and miscellaneous materials related to Dr. McCutcheon's long and distinguished career in Canadian post secondary education and public service.
Sub-series has been divided into six sub sub series, including: (1) Dean of Arts; (2) Arts Faculty Council; (3) Faculty of Arts publications; (4) Department of History; (5) Department of Drama; and (6) Department of Religion.
Storage Location
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Series 7: Faculties and Schools
Series has been divided into five sub-series, including: (1) Dean of Science; (2) Science Faculty Council; (3) Faculty of Science publications; (4) Department of Psychology; and (5) Department of Biology.
Storage Location
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Series 7: Faculties and Schools
DEANS OF EDUCATION:
JOHN A.B. MCLEISH (1967-1969)
John Alexander Buchanan McLeish was born in Calgary, AB on December 6, 1913. He received his early education in Winnipeg and Montreal, and obtained his B.A. (History Hons.) at McGill University. His M.A. in Education was later obtained from the same institution. In 1951, he graduated from Cornell University's Graduate School of Education with his Ph.D.
From 1935-1949, McLeish served as a high school teacher and principal at Stanstead College, Verdun High School, Danville High School, Valleyfield High School and Three Rivers High School. From 1951-1954, he acted as Assistant Professor of Education at the University of British Columbia. The next ten years he spent at Carlton University as Registrar (and subsequently Director of Summer School) and Research Associate, Professor of Education.
In 1965, McLeish came to Brandon College to serve as Executive Assistant to president John E. Robbins. In his early years at the College, he also acted as Director of Summer School and Extension and in 1967, he was named Dean of Education. McLeish retired from Brandon University ca. 1970.
In 1977, McLeish founded the Ulyssean Society, which is a group of men and women in their middle and later years who meet regularly for lectures and other educational activities to keep their minds active. The Society is located in Toronto. John A.B. McLeish died in 1995.
G.T. RIMMINGTON (1970-1971)
Gerald Thorneycroft Rimmingtong was born on March 18, 1930, in Leicester, England. He obtained a Certificate in Education for the University of Birmingham's Institute of Education in 1951 and a B.Sc. in Economics from the University of London in 1956. He received his M.A. and Ph.D. in Geography from the University of Leicester (1959) and the University of London (1964) respectively. In 1966, he was a fellow of the College of Preceptors and in 1972 he received his M.Ed. from the University of Nottingham. He was granted his Ph.D. in Education from that same institution in 1975. In 1976, Rimmington passed the Anglican ordination examination and was ordained a deacon.
In 1948-1949, Rimmington was a member of the National Service in the Royal Air Force. From 1951-1959, he taught school in Leicester. Following the completion of his first masters degree, Rimmington was a lecturer in geography at Union College in Bunumbu, Sierra Leone (1959-1960) and the District Education Officer, Dedza and Ncheu, Malawi (1961-1963). From 1963-1967, he was employed at Acadia University in Nova Scotia as a member of the Education faculty.
Rimmington came to Brandon University in 1967, where he served as Assoc. Professor and Director of Educational Research from 1967-1969 and Professor of Education from 1969-1973. He also acted as Dean of the Faculty of Education for a one-year term (1970-1971). Following that term he spent a sabbatical year in England. Gerald Rimmington left Brandon University ca. 1973 for a position in the Department of Education at Mount Allison University.
R.R. PIPPERT (1971 - August 31, 1977 and 1987-1988)
Ralph R. Pippert was born on March 23, 1922 in Sheboygan, Wisconsin to Geroge F. and Louise H. Pippert. He received his B.A. from Mission House College in 1944 and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin in 1950 and 1959 respectively. From 1944-1954, Pippert was a public school teacher and from 1954-1959, he was a professor at Lakeland College in Plymouth Wisconsin. In the years leading up to his arrival at Brandon University, Pippert was employed at the University of Massachusets (1959-1967), the University of Manitoba (1967-1970) and Southern Illinois University (1970-1971) in various capacities.
Pippert came to Brandon University in 1971 as Dean of Education, a post which he held until 1977. Following his term as Dean, Pippert taught in the Education Department at BU. While Dean, Pippert helped to establish a number of programs, including PENT (Project for Education of Native Teachers); BUNTEP (Brandon University Northern Tacher Education Project); IMPACTE (Indian, Metis Project for Careers in Teacher Education); and the Winnipeg Centre Project. Although Pippert retired in 1988, he continued to teach as a sessional faculty member until 1998. Pippert also instructed teachers for 10 summers in Malawi.
Pippert married Theresa Ann Fydenkevez on June 24, 1967 (previous marriage, 1946). He has three sons, Eric, Rolf and Mark, and two daughters, Christine and Dianne.
Ralph Pippert died on August 31, 2014 in Kiel, Wisconsin.
D.T. HAYES (1978-1988)
Dale T. Hayes was born c.1939 and attended Bob Jones University where he recieved his Bachelor of Arts Degree in 1959. He recieved his M.A. in Education (1968) and from Arizona State University, his Ed.D. in Education in 1975. Prior to his appointment as Dean of Education at Brandon University in July 1978, Hayes held the position of Chairman of the Division of Practical Studies at the University of New Brunswick (1975-1978), and served a Professor of Reading at the University of Maine at Portland-Gorham and as co-ordinator of Learning Assitance Programs at Mt. Royal College in Calgary. He was also involved in developing Native Education programs at the University and college level in Alberta and South Dakota. He was re-appointed as Dean for a second five-year term in 1983. Following his stint as Dean, he returned to the Faculty of Education where he continued to teach until his retirement.
Dale Hayes is married with four children.
ROBIN J. ENNS (1989 - 1993/1994 and 2000-2001(Acting Dean))
Robin Enns completed his elementary and secondary education in Quebec. In 1967, he graduated from United College (which became the University of Winnipeg in 1968) with a B.A. Following a brief period as mechanic for the Red River Ex, Enns began teaching English, History and French at Lake of Two Mountains High School. He graduated with his M.A. in English from the University of New Brunswick in 1971. That same year he also taught English at Ryerson Polytechnical Institute in Toronto. In 1973, he obtained his B.Ed. from the University of Toronto.
From 1973-1975, Enns taught at Brampton Centennial Secondary School, northwest of Toronto. In 1975, he was accepted into the Ph.D. program in Educational Theory at the University of Toronto; he completed his degree in 1983. From 1979-1987, Enns taught at the Faculte des sciences de l'education at the Universite de Moncton. During that time he was appointed Francophone Co-chair for the New Brunswick Commission on Decling Enrolments and Teacher Layoffs (1981-1984), was elected as a school trustee for the Moncton English School District (1983-1986) and developed the first maritime provinces distance education bilingual Master's of Education course set (1986-1988). He also served as president of The Canadian Association for Curriculum Studies.
In 1988, Enns, his wife and children, moved to Brandon where he had been appointed Dean of Education (1988-1993) at Brandon University. During his time as Dean, Enns re-wrote the Master's of Education proposal and successfully shephereded it through the Universities Grans Commission process and was the founding Dean of the Brandon University Hutterite Education program. During the same period he also served as president of the Candian Association of Deans of Education, the Chair of the Manitoba Board of Teacher Education and Certification, Vice Chair of the Manitoba Curriculum Committee and Chair of the Manitoba Task Force on Teacher Supply and Demand. In 1992, Enns was a recipient of the 125th Anniversary of Canada Medal for service to education in Canada.
Since his stint as Dean, Robin Enns has continued to teach in the Faculty of Education at Brandon University and in 1996, he received the Alumni Award for Teaching Exellence.
FREDERICK RENIHAN (1994-1995/1996)
Frederick Renihan was born in Ireland and received his elementary education there, before moving to England, where he went to secondary school. He completed his teacher training in Lond, where he also taught for four years. In 1969, Renihan moved to Saskatchewan, where he was active in all levels of education. While in Saskatchewan, he also obtained his M.Ed. and Ph.D at the University of Saskatchewan.
Prior to coming to Brandon University, Renihan taught at the University of Saskatchewan, the University of Regina, and was a visiting professor at the University of Victoria. Renihan left Brandon University after a short time to take the position of Superintendent of Schools in Surrey, B.C. At present (January 2007), he is a member of the Department of Educational Leadership, Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University.
GERALD RICHARDS (1996-1997/1998)
Gerald Richards, native to Saskatchewan, was born in Midale. He received his public schooling in a four-room school in Halbrite. Upon graduation in 1960, he attended Saskatchewan Teachers College in Regina. By alternating teaching with attendance at university, he earned a B.Ed (With Distinction) from the University of Saskatchewan in 1967. He returned to that institution, graduating with an M.Ed. in 1969. In 1976, he was awarded a Ph.D. in educational theory from the University of Toronto, where he studied at the Modern Language Centre in the Curriculum Department of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education. Following the completion of his doctorate, Richards returned to classroom teaching for one year before accepting a joint-appointment to the Faculty of Education and the Faculty of Arts at Brandon University in 1978. He taught an introductory French language course and methods courses for the teaching of French. Upon returning from hissabbatical leave, he was given a full-time appointment in the Faculty of Education.
Richards' background includes language training in French at Laval University in Quebec, and in German from the Goethe Institute in Passau, Germany, and seven years experience in Saskatchewan classrooms where he taught all subjects from grades seven to eleven, although his teaching field was French. During those years, he served as vice-principal and principal of small rural schools and was elected president of the Saskatchewan Teachers' Federation local on two occassions. At Brandon University, he has filled the roles of department chair and member of faculty and university committees, including a long term on the Curriculum and Academic Standards Committee.
With the sudden departure of Dr. Fred Renihan in 1996, Richards was appointed Acting Dean of Education. During his one-year tenure, the faculty completed the revision of its degree program. At present (January 2007), Gerald Richards continues to teach in the Faculty of Education at Brandon University.
RON COMMON (1998 - ca. 2000)
Ronald Common is a Manitoba native, who attended elementary school in Bradwardine before his family moved to Winnipeg. He received his Bachelor of Arts (1969), Education Certificate (1970), Bachelor of Education (1972) and Master of Education (1976) from the University of Manitoba. He obtained his Ph.D in Education from the University of Ottawa in 1980.
Prior to coming to Brandon University, Common was a professor in the Department of Education Administration, Graduate Studies at Brock University, spent a year in Newfoundland and Labrador as the Program Coordinator for Memorial University's Native and Northern education initiative, was an Assistant Professor at Queens University, a curriculum consultant with the province of Manitoba, and an educator and administrator at the secondary school level in The Pas, Norway House and Winnipeg. He left Brandon University after his term as Dean was over.
Common is married to Dr. Lorraine Frost, with whom he has two daughters, Lauren and MacKenzie. At present (January 2007), Ron Common is employed as the Dean of Education, Faculty of Education at Nipissing University in North Bay, Ontario.
TOM B. MACNEILL (ca. 2001- 2004/2005)
No biographical information yet.
JERRY STORIE - (July 1, 2005 - June 2010)
Jerry Thomas Storie received his B.A. from Brandon University in 1972, his M.A. from the University of Manitoba in 1975 and his Teaching Certificate (Secondary Education) from the University of Manitoba in the same year.
From 1972-1974, Storie was a Research Assistant and then a Teaching Assitant in the Faculty of Arts at the University of Manitoba. The following year he was a Policy Analyst in the Planning & Research Branch of the Department of Education, Government of Manitoba. From 1975-1981, he was employed by the Flin Flon School Division, first as a Guidance Counselor (1975-1978) and then as a Classroom Teacher, Grade 6 (1978-1981). From 1981-1994, Storie was a member of the Legislative Assembly for Flin Flon; during this period he held a number of positions and was appointed to numerous Executive Councils. In the decade 1994-2004, Storie was the Area 4 Superintendent, Frontier School Division (1994-1998) and the Superintendent, Turtle Mountain School Division (1998-2004).
On July 1, 2005, the Brandon University Board of Governors appointed Jerry Storie Acting Dean of Education for a three-year term. Jerry Storie left the position of Dean of Education in June 2010.
SAL BADALI (July 1, 2011 - c. 2013)
Sal Badali recieved his B.A. in history from York University, his B.Ed. from the University of Toronto, his M.Ed from teh University of Western Ontario and his Ph.D. from the University of British Columbia.
Prior to his tenure at Brandon University, Badali was employed at the University of Regina (1999-2011) where he taught various education courses, like curriculum development and the theory and practice of instruction, at the undergraduate and graduate levels. He was a faculty advisor and supervised graduate work as well. During his sabbatical leave in 2006, Badali was a guest lecturer at the Ontario Institute for the Studey of Education/University of Toronto.
HEATHER DUNCAN (2013 - present)
Scope and Content
Accession 2-2011 (3 metres, 1977-2005) consists of: Education Faculty Council meeting packages (1999-2004); Dean's Administrative Committee records (1981-1996); Education Faculty Council records, including a list of motions (1980-2001); Faculty of Education committees (1980-2005); Department chairpersons (1991-2005); Faculty of Education Professional Standards Committee (1989-1992); Faculty of Education Research & Development (1989-1995); and the Faculty of Education Advisory Committe (1995-1996).
Also consists of a variety of reports, agreements, planning, assessment, policy and review documents. Topics include: internal and external reviews; international educational projects; Roblin Commission; Smith Commission; Shapiro Report; Scurfield Report; Sherlock Report. There are also records related to: the Master's Degree Steering Committee; implimenting the Bachelor of Education After Degree program; the 4 year integrated Bachelor of Education program; campus recreation; and the Athletic Directorate.
Notes
Biographical information for Dale Hayes was taken from two articles in "The Quill" (Febrary 9, 1978 and February 25, 1983). Biographical information for Gerald Richards was provided by Richards. Biographical information for Badali was taken from a Brandon University press release (February 7, 2011).
Finding Aid
Box level inventory is available for accession 2-2011.
Storage Location
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Series 7: Faculties and Schools
Related Material
A file of miscellaneous newspaper clippings etc. related to the Faculty of Education assembled by Eileen McFadden for the period 1979-1985, is located in the Institutional Files in the Reading Room.
Arrangement
In May 2011, the Archives made an administrative decision to stop using the existing arrangment for the Faculty of Education records. All Faculty of Education records transferred or donated to the Archives prior to 2011, will retain the old numbering system. All accessions recieved from 2011 onward will be arranged chronologically by accession number.
The old arrangement included records in the following sub sub series: (3) Faculty of Education publications; (4) Interoffice; (5) Brandon University Indian Leadership Development (BUILD); (6) Athletics; and (7) Education special projects.
The University Calendar is the authoritative statement of the institutional structure, faculty and staff, and academic program of Brandon University. Since the creation of the College in 1900, calendars have been produced annually, with only a few exceptions, by the Registrar's Office.
Up until 1991-1992, the calendar was called the general calendar. In 1991-1992, it was called the undergraduate general calendar. Beginning in 1992, the calendar was produced every two years instead of annually, except for 1998-1999, until 2003. The 1992-1994 calendar contains both the undergraduate and graduate general calendars, and starting in 1994 a separate undergraduate and graduate calendar was produced.
Custodial History
The Brandon College/University calendar was produced by the Registrar's Office. Individual copies of the calendar were held by the Registrar's Office until their transfer to the University Archives.
Scope and Content
The sub-series consists of general calendars, general undergraduate and graduate calendars, as well as calendars for the School of Music, the Faculty of Education, and for spring and summer sessions. It has been divided into three sub sub series, including: (1) Calendars - bound archival copies; (2) Calendars - researcher's copies; and (3) Calendars - miscellaneous.
Notes
The Registrar, acting in his/her capacity as Secretary of Senate, is responsible for the production of the University calendar.
The General Faculty Council consists of the following: a) the President, who shall be the Chair; b) the Vice-President (Academic/Research); c) the Dean of each Faculty/School; d) the Director of the Educational Technology Unit; e) the University Librarian; f) the Dean of Students; g) teaching personnel of the Faculties and Schools; h) Professional Associates, Administrative Associates and Instructional Associates; i) the University Registrar or designate.
One regular meeting of the General Faculty Council is held each year in late August or early September, although special meetings of the may be called at the discretion of the Chair or at the request in writing of ten members of the Council. The General Faculty Council can establish its own procedures including the creation of such committees as are necessary to fulfill its functions.
Scope and Content
Sub-series consists of one file of General Faculty Council minutes and meeting materials, including committee reports.
Notes
History/Bio information was taken from the Brandon Univeristy Senate by-laws.
Sub sub series consists of publications created by the Faculty of Science or written by Faculty of Science employees. Includes: pamphlet on the Applied Disaster & Emergency Studies (ADES) program.
Storage Location
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Series 7: Faculties and Schools
This is an artifically created sub sub series.
Pierian Spring was the by-product of a creative writing workshop taught by Dr. Robert Brockway at Brandon University in 1969. The members of the workshop met once a month and at the end of the year they deciced to produce a mimeographed book of poetry written by members of the group. They called it Peirian Spring, after the spot in Thrace from which the Muses came. In subsequent years, Brockway continued to teach the creative writing class as a non-credit extension course, however there were no further publications of Pierian Spring until Winter 1976. The later publications encorporated the writings of members of the group, but also included works by writers from across North America.
Scope and Content
Sub sub series consists of copies of one issue of "Aspen Grove" (1971) and numerous issues of "Pierian Spring" (1969, 1976, 1976-1989). It aslo contains a number of promotional pamphlets created by the Faculty of Arts. Included are pamphlets on: Arts One; the History, Religion, English and Creative Writing, Business Administration, Gender and Women's Studies, Classical and Modern Languages departments; liberal arts degrees: pre-professional programs for early and middle years teachers; Justice System Certificate; graduate programs in Rural Development; and general Faculty of Arts information.
Notes
History/Bio information on Pierian Spring taken from an article in "The Quill" (January 13, 1977).
Storage Location
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Series 7: Faculties and Schools
7.1 Faculty of Arts
Sub sub series consists of items published by the Faculty of Education or written by members of the Faculty of Education, including: Faculty of Education Student’s Directory: October 15, 1976, November 27, 1979; Wednesday Newsletter: September 20, 1967 – November 29, 1967, December 6, 1967 – March 27, 1968, April 3, 1968 – November 20, 1968, November 27, 1969 – April 2, 1969; Teacher-Training Programme General Information Academic Season 1959-1960; Teacher-Training Programme General Information Academic Season 1960-1961; BUNTEP Newsletter – volume 1, no. 2 and volume 1, no. 3; and a pamphlet on the Bachelor of Physical Education Studies (three year degree).
Storage Location
RG 6 Brandon University fonds
Series 7: Faculties and Schools
7.3 Faculty of Education
Martin Wesley Johns was born to missionary parents Alfred and Myrtle Johns in Chengtu, West China on March 23, 1913. The family returned to Canada in 1925. Johns attended high schools in Tacoma, Washington; Vancouver, BC; Brandon, Manitoba; and Exeter, Ontario. He studied at Brandon College from 1928-1931 before obtaining his B.A. (1932) and M.A. (1934) from McMaster University and his Ph.D. From the University of Toronto (1938). From 1937-1946, he taught physics at Brandon College. In 1972, Brandon University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Science degree.
Johns served in the Canadian Officers Training Corps (C.O.T.C.) in 1940-1941 doing research concerned with neutron physics at Chalk River. In 1947, he joined the Physics Department at McMaster University, where he remained for the remainder of his career.
Johns married Margaret Mary Hilborn on July 15, 1939. Together they have four children: Robert, Elizabeth, Kenneth and Kathryn. Following Margaret's death c. 1979, Johns was married to Elsie North for twenty years. At the age of 90, Johns fell in love with his sweetheart Marian Thompson.
Martin Wesley Johns died on September 18, 2008 at McMaster Hospital.
Custodial History
The notebooks in accession 17-2007 were in the possession of Wesley Wong, former member of the Physics Department at Brandon College, who mailed them to Martin Johns in 2002. Wong suggested Johns donate them to the McKee Archives, which he did on January 28, 2004. The photographs in accession 8-2009 were sent to Carla Eisler, Alumni Relations Officer, Brandon University by Ken Johns (Martin Johns' son) following Martin's death. Eisler transfered them to the Archives in February 2009.
Scope and Content
Accession 17-2007 contains two lab record notebooks used by Martin Johns while he was a member of Brandon College's Department of Physics. The notebooks record class lists, grades, absences, and seating charts for courses Johns taught, as well as regulations for lab reports and major assignments.
Accession 8-2009 contains twenty-one black and white photographs dealing with Brandon College students, faculty and buildings. There a a few photographs of Brandon, as well as one of the Queen Mother from her visit to Brandon in 1939.
Notes
History/Bio information taken from the Martin W. Johns bio file in the Archives reading room.
Consists of the BCSA constitution, electoral procedure documents, nomination forms, the Brandon College Crests and Awards Board constitution, the Brandon College Finance Board constitution, the Brandon College Athletic Board/Athletic Council constitution, the Brandon College Board of Publications constitution, the Brandon College Literary Board constitution, the Sigma Mu constitution, and BCSA statistical summary of Committee meetings.
See fonds level description of RG 4 for history/bio of MPE
Scope and Content
This sub-series consists of summaries of elevator operations. The records include the following:
Box 1:
Summary of Operations 1925-1968 Alexander-Gretna
Summary of Operations 1925-1968 Hamiota-Morris
Summary of Operations 1925-1968 Napinka-Woodnorth
Box 2:
Association Financial and Debt Repayment Summary 1925-1963
Association Financial and Debt Repayment Summary 1925-1963
Box 3:
Summary of Operations 1964-1968
Summary of Operations 1964-1968
Summary of Operations 1964-1968
Box 4:
Summary of Operations A-K 1925-1996
Summary of Operations L-Z 1925-1996
Elevator Points Closed A-L 1926-1987
Elevator Points Closed M-Z 1926-1987
See fonds level description of RG 4 for history/bio of MPE.
Scope and Content
Sub-series MPE B.4 consists of local association financial statements.The statements are bound in uniform hardcover volumes. The statements is organized chronologically, and alphabetically by local association name within each individual year.
The records for each individual local's fiscal year consists of: 1) letter of certification from the auditors; 2) summary of income and expenses of said local association.
A copy of a Local Associations (later the Local Pool Committees) would be sent to the Central Office, where it was stored until a microfilm copy could be made. Records were only transferred to microfilm until 1957.
Custodial History
Local Association records recieved by the Central Office dating from 1925 to 1957 are on microfilm. Records subsequent to 1957 are hardcopies.
Scope and Content
Sub-series MPE B.3 consists of Local Association records from the formation of the association until 1993 or said association's closure. See Box level entries for B.3 for detailed contents of records.
Notes
Description by Jillian Sutherland (2009). Records contained in Series B.3 on microfilm or in hardcopy may also be contained in Series A.
