American Horse 'Wasechum Taschunka' (1840-1908). 'Wasechum Taschunka' took on the name American Horse following the death of his uncle ate the Battle of Slim Buttes. During the reservation days, he was considered a notable progressive and became a head Oglala spokesman. As an orator and diplomat, he represented his people in numerous negotiations with the federal government. Following the tragedy of Wounded Knee he became the leader of a unified Sioux delegation which traveled to Washington seeking a more equitable treatment for the Sioux. In his later years he traveled with Buffalo Bill and the Wild West Show. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Annie Oakley (1860-1926). Standing barely five feet tall, Annie Oakley toured with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show for 17 years after joining it in 1885. While on European tour, and at the invitation of German Crown Prince Wilhelm (later Kaiser Wilhelm II) Annie shot a cigarette from his lips; she was also known to sever a playing card, thin edge facing her, at 90 feet. Many of her records established with pistols, rifles and shotguns remain unequaled to this day. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
This man was a shirt wearer and a medicine man. The scalp locks upon his shirt testify to his prowess as a warrior; the arrangement of his hair serves as a symbol of his sacred office as a tribal leader and medicine man. (Harbaugh, P., 1982).
Forty-one Arikara scouts enlisted to participate in Custer's '76 Sioux Campaign. Many of these have been photographically identified. This man is a proven warrior as indicated by his pointed, quilled and scalp-lock decorated shirt. A shirt wearer occupied a position of honor and authority among his people, primarily responsible for the welfare of others as a result of his deeds as a warrior. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
As the Cheyenne and Sioux retreated south toward the 'White Rain (Bighorn) Mountains' following the Battle of Little Bighorn, many of the wounded warriors died. They were laid to rest in their finest clothing admits their cherished belongings atop burial scaffolds or within the branches of strong trees. It was here sorrowful families bid the fallen warriors spirit good-bye as it began its journey across the great divide. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
He is presented to have been the Osage scout who accompanied Custer during his campaign against the Southern Cheyenne, in which the 7th Cavalry captured Black Kettle's village located near the Washita River in Kansas. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Chief Joseph 'Hanmaton Talatkit' (ca. 1832-1904). By the close of 1876 the Sioux had been pacified enough that Manifest Destiny could focus her attention and Gatling guns on the Nez Perce of Oregon and Washington where gold had been discovered. Although he had always advocated coexistence with the white man, Chief Joseph was forced from his native home into a three-month, 1300 mile flight through what are today four states and twice across the Rocky Mountains, defeating the U.S. Army in seven major battles. He came within forty miles of sanctuary, the Canadian border, where he envisioned joining Sitting Bull and his exiled people, when his sick and starving band was overtaken by General Miles and one-armed General O.O. Howard. Joseph surrendered October 5, 1877. General Miles agreed to return the Nez Perce to the west; instead, they were sent to Indian Territory. Joseph was so successful a military leader and so influential a tribal leader that he was never allowed to return to his homeland and people. It was said that upon Joseph's exiled death in September of 1904, the agency doctor identified the cause of death as 'broken heart'. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
14 b&w photographs
Textual descriptions for each photograph
Physical Condition
Very good
History / Biographical
Several years ago the Alumni Relations began a program of class reunions and reconvocation in conjunction with annual spring convocations. This program continues to the present (March 2006) and this document was produced in 2003 for the Class of 1943 reunion.
Custodial History
Images remain in the possession of Betty Knowlton (nee Burgoyne). She provided copies of the images to the Alumni Office for the Class of 1943 reunion. Those images were transferred to the McKee Archives by Alumni Relations.
Scope and Content
File consists of copies of photographs of the Class of 1943 provided by Betty Knowlton (nee Burgoyne) for the Class of 1943 reunion. The photographs and descriptions are mounted on Brandon University cardstock. File also contains the program for the President's Reception and Dinner.
Some of the pages are hard to read as the photocopy wasn't made dark enough.
History / Biographical
The 'scrapbook' was made by Lloyd Henderson and distributed to members of the Class of 1949 by Dave Organ.
Custodial History
Accessioned in 2007 by the McKee Archives. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
File consists of photocopies of pages from the Sickle on the Class of 1949, a list of class members lost (by 1979) and letters written by various members of the class of 1949 detailing their lives since they graduated from Brandon College.
Crow King 'Kangi Yatapi'. As a prisoner of war, Crow King posed for this picture in Barry's studio at Fort Buford, D.T., in the winter of 1881. During the battle of Little Bighorn, Crow King and his band of 80 warriors attacked Custer from the south, allowing Crazy Horse and Gall to encircle the doomed 7th Cavalry. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
The first photo of the famed Hunkpapa war chief, taken at Fort Buford, D.T. shortly after his surrender to major Guido Ilges, Fifth Infantry, following a short fight near the Poplar Camp Post, January 2, 1881. Four years earlier, in the valley of Little Bighorn, it was Gall, Sitting Bull's lieutenant and war chief, who rallied to meet Reno's initial charge and quickly turned it into a devastating retreat. Gall later crossed the Little Bighorn River and led the Sioux to triumph over Custer's contingent of the Seventh Cavalry. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Gall 'Pizi' (ca. 1838-1895). A wise, fearless, and successful war chief, Gall was Sitting Bull's adopted brother and one of the few Indians for which the army offered a bounty. While visiting Fort Berthold, D.T., Gall was discovered and bayoneted by soldiers. Assumed to be dead, his body was abandoned by those in his camp, and in the bitter cold of a Dakota winter night Gall staggered some 20 miles in search of aid. Stabbed through his neck, belly and abdomen, it was nearly a year before he recovered completely. Gall poses, painted as if for battle, in Barry's Ford Buffalo studio shortly before he was sent to the Standing Rock Agency. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Goose was one of the best known Arikara scouts of the 1876 Sioux Campaign; he enlisted during April of that year for the expedition. He fought with Reno and was wounded during the initial battle of the valley. His story has been printed in numerous publications. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Dimensions
18 X 13 cm
Size Overall
51 X 41 cm
Medium
Black and white photograph
Condition
Bowing back of picture along both vertical edges away from mat.
The Grass Dance was a social, religious and healing dance which gained significance and popularity at a time when the buffalo vanished from the plains and the buffalo grass was being plowed under and replanted with wheat. Participants envisioned the return of the buffalo and the old ways of the Sioux. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Only weeks after they had been ordered by Agent McLaughlin (center) to arrest Sitting Bull as an attempt to calm the growing unrest from the Messiah Craze (Ghost Dance), the Sioux police pose victoriously for Barry's camera. The arrest attempt was disastrous, resulting in the deaths of six Indian police, Sitting Bull, his son Crow Foot and eight of Crow's followers. The panic which followed culminated in the infamous Wounded Knee affair two weeks later. Red Tomahawk (front center) killed Sitting Bull. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
John Grass 'Pizi' (1837-1918). John Grass, warrior and gifted orator was well known during reservation days as a progressive. Able to speak English and many dialects of Sioux, he was made head chief at the Standing Rock Agency, a position created by the white agent to rival the authority of Sitting Bull and unify the Agency Sioux. In later years he was credited for the success of the Commission of 1889: a session which, by the stroke of the pen, meant the end to the great Sioux Reservation. The stage has been set for the Ghost Dance uprising. Sitting Bull was killed, Wounded Knee took the lives of over 150 Sioux, and ironically John Grass helped negotiate a settlement for the survivors. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Dimensions
23 X 18.5 cm
Size Overall
51 X 41 cm
Medium
Black and white photograph
Condition
Severe bowing back of left vertical edge away from mat.
Long Dog 'Xunka Hanska'. Long Dog participated in many battles of the Sioux Wars and was thought to carry the favorable charm of a ghost which mad him invincible and granted his heroic success in war. Although severely wounded during the Custer battle, he returned to Standing Rock and lived out his days as a legendary warrior and chief. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Dimensions
23 X 19 cm
Size Overall
51 X 41 cm
Medium
Black and white photograph
Condition
Bowing back of picture along both vertical edges away from mat.
Long Soldier 'Akicita Hanska'. A well known Hunkpapa chief at standing Rock, he wears a beaver top hat in vogue during the Civil war days. He was known as a skillful hunter and fearless warrior. Long Soldier represented his band at the signing of the 'Treaty of Fort Laramie' in 1868. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Low Dog 'Xunka Kuciyedon' (b.1846) This respected warrior became a war chief at age 14. In January of 1876, Low Dog and his band joined a party of Northern Cheyenne at the Red Cloud Agency and planned to hunt in the Powder River County. In March of that year, Low Dog's people set up camp with a large non-agency band of Northern Cheyenne and a few Oglala Sioux near the union of the Little Powder and Powder River. On Saint Patrick's day this sleeping village was attacked and destroyed by Colonel J.J. Reynolds. During the night of March 17th the Indians managed to recapture their horses. Without provisions the mixed band traveled northward to join Crazy Horse and later Sitting Bull on the Little Bighorn, where Low Dog led his people against Custer and the 7th Cavalry. Low Dog's account of the battle was published many times. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
Rain-in-the-Face 'Iromagaja'. The first photograph of Rain-in-the-Face, taken shortly before his arrest and incarceration at Fort Lincoln in 1874. He was one of the leaders during the Fetterman disaster of 1866, the worst defeat the U.S. Army had suffered on the frontier up to that time. His prowess as a warrior continued throughout the Sioux Wars. Wounded and lamed during the fight, he led his band against Custer, and later followed Sitting Bull into exile in Canada. Rain-in-the-Face and his followers surrendered to General Miles at Fort Keogh, Montana, in September of 1880. (Harbaugh, P., 1982)
