Skip header and navigation

Revise Search

68 records – page 1 of 4.

Leonard Evans collection

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions12705
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1988-1998
Accession Number
7-2011
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
7-2011
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1988-1998
Physical Description
1.05 m
Physical Condition
Good
History / Biographical
Leonard Salisbury Evans was born on August 19, 1929 in Winnipeg, MB and was educated at the University of Winnipeg, the University of Manitoba, Simon Fraser University and the University of Ottawa. He was employed as an economist and a professor of economics before entering political life. Evans first ran for public office in the Canadian federal election of 1953 as a candidate for the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation in the constituency of St Boniface. Evans was elected to the Manitoba legislature as a New Democrat in the provincial election of 1969 in the constituency of Brandon East. He was appointed Minister of Mines and Natural Resources in the Edward Schreyer government. Later he assumed the position of Minister of Industry and Commerce. He occupied this position until the defeat of the Schreyer government in 1977. Evans was re-elected in the provincial elections of 1973 and 1977. Following the return to government of the New Democratic Party in 1981-1988, Evans held various senior cabinet posts. Evans served as opposition finance critic from 1988 to 1999. Evans retired from active politics with the 1999 provincial election.
Custodial History
These records were created during the 1990s and held in the Brandon East constuency office until they were brought to the S.J. McKee Archives by Drew Caldwell in November 2003. Drew Caldwell succeeded Len Evans as the MLA for Brandon East in the 1999 provincial election.
Scope and Content
Collection consists of correspondence between Evans and various constituents on a wide range of topics - personal and otherwise - and subject files on social, economic and political matters relevant to Brandon East.
Notes
Description by Tom Mitchell.
Access Restriction
Constituency correspondence closed for thirty years from the date of its creation.
Storage Location
2011 accessions
Show Less

Earle Forshaw collection

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions13684
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1900-1918
Accession Number
13-2013
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
13-2013
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1900-1918
Physical Description
2 folios/books
3 photographs
Material Details
photographs are colour reproductions produced circa 2010
History / Biographical
EARLE PHILIP FORSHAW Earle Forshaw was born in Brandon, Manitoba, on 26 September 1927. His mother, Maud Ethel Forshaw née Hicklings/Hickling (b. 07 April 1901 – d. 26 October 1927) died one month after Earle’s birth at the age of 26 years. His father, Arthur Hugh Forshaw, married Gertrude Ethel Fallis two years later and the family would move to Winnipeg in 1932/33. In 1944, Earle Forshaw graduated from Gordon Bell High School in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He worked as a meatpacker with Swift Canada, a subsidiary of Swift Meatpacking Company, Chicago. Earle remained with the company until his retirement in 1984, by which time he was a branch manager of the Swift branch in Ottawa, Ontario. Earle moved back to Manitoba in 1985, first living in Winnipeg before settling in the resort community of Matlock, situated in the southernmost part of the Village of Dunnottar on the southwestern shore of Lake Winnipeg. Earle Forshaw was married three times. He married Elizabeth “Betty” Anne Hamilton on 05 May 1951 in Winnipeg, Manitoba. They had one son, Tom. The Winnipeg Free Press published the couple’s divorce decree on 21 December 1970. Earle married Margaret Clara Veale née Cousins (b. 19 August 1928, Winnipeg – d. 10 September 1998) that same year. They would remain married until Margaret’s cancer-related death in 1998. The following year, Earle married Joyce Wilson née Mutton in Ontario on 28 December 1999. They currently reside in Matlock, Manitoba. Like his father and grandfather, Earle Philip Forshaw is a Free Mason. He received a 33rd degree membership in the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Right (honorary degree), a position he has held for more than 50 years. Earle has received two medals from the Free Mason’s for his half century of service to the society. Earle is also a Shriner and a member of the Royal Order of Scotland. ARTHUR HUGH FORSHAW Arthur Hugh “Hughie” Forshaw (b. 09 July 1899, Lancashire, England – d. 02 June 1976, Winnipeg) enlisted with the Canadian Expeditionary Force Overseas 181st Battalion on 21 March 1916 in Brandon, Manitoba. Although he claimed to be 18 years old at the time of enlistment,* his attestation papers stated he was not to head overseas until he was 19 years of age. *It appears Pte. Forshaw may have lied about his age when he enlisted. According to the Lancashire Anglican Parish Registers (Preston, England), Arthur Hugh Forshaw was born 09 July 1899 in the Skelmersdale Parish in Lancashire, England, not on 02 June 1898 as stated on his attestation papers. At the time of enlistment, Hugh lived with his family in Brandon, Manitoba, residing at 126 – 22nd Street. The 1916 Canadian Census lists his father, John, as a carpenter who had immigrated to Canada in 1905. Arthur and his mother, Sarah Forshaw née Edden, immigrated the following year and the Forshaw’s would have at least three more children, Rohda/Rhoda Elizabeth (b. 27 June 1908), Phylip/Philip Roy (b. 24 January 1911), and Irene Margaret (b. 1916). After the war, Henderson’s Brandon City Directories list Arthur Hugh as a clerk at the Union Bank of Canada in Brandon. By 1925, Hugh was working as a clerk with Imperial Oil. According to his obituary, he would remain with the company for 37 years; he was a supervisor before retiring in 1960. Hugh married Maud Ethel Hickling (b. 07 April 1901 – d. 26 October 1927) in Brandon, Manitoba on 22 November 1922. The couple had two sons, John “Jack” Hugh (b. 05 May 1923, Brandon – d. 17 May 1962, Winnipeg) and Earle Phillip, (b. 26 September 1927, Brandon). A month after Earle’s birth, Maud passed away at the age of 26 and was interred in the Brandon Municipal Cemetery. Hugh remarried on 10 August 1929 to Gertrude Ethel Fallis (b. 14 July 1908, R.M. Glenwood – d. 04 July 1994, Winnipeg) in Glenwood, Manitoba. The family moved to Winnipeg in 1933, where Hugh and his wife settled. Hugh, like his father John, was a member of the Free Mason’s society and became a 32nd degree mason. He was a member of the Capitol Lodge AF and AM GRM No.136 and the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Right of Free Masonry Khartum Shrine Temple. He was also one of the five original members of the Khartum Shrine Orchestra. Arthur “Hughie” Hugh Forshaw passed away on 02 June 1976 in Winnipeg, Manitoba, at the age of 76 years. He is interred alongside his second wife Gertrude in the Thomson in the Park Cemetery, Winnipeg.
Custodial History
Records in this collection were in the possession of Earle and Joyce Forshaw before they were submitted to local historian Jack Stothard. Stothard, in turn, donated the materials to the SJ McKee Archives in 2012. The Archives accessioned the records in 2013.
Scope and Content
The collection consists of two books/folios and three photographs (copies). The two folios/books are pictorial works about early Brandon, Manitoba. One book, The Illustrated Souvenir of Brandon, is published by W.W. Warner (Brandon, Manitoba). The second folio/book, Brandon Manitoba: The Wheat City, is published by Christies Bookstore, [circa 1907]. Photographs in this folio/book include: Rosser Avenue [facing east]; Brandon College and Lorne Avenue; Manitoba Winter Fair Building; the Armoury; Scene on 13th Street Residence Section; Young Men’s Christian Association; Canadian Northern Hotel and Station; Banks of Brandon (The Merchant’s Bank of Canada, Bank of Montreal, The Bank of British North America, Bank of Hamilton with Frank Gowen’s photography studio and Fleming’s Drugs); Assiniboine River; West End Park and Park School; Alexandra School, Collegiate Institute, The Convent [St. Michael’s Academy], Central School, Park School; Brandon Hospital and Nurses’ Home; Residential Brandon Looking West; Residence of W.G.A. Watson, Residence of Robert Kerr, Brandon Club, Residence of William Ferguson, Residence of E.L. Christie; Baptist Church, Methodist Church, St. Paul’s Presbyterian Church, St. Mary’s Church, St. Augustine’s Church; John E. Smith Block, Canadian Bank of Commerce, Cecil Hotel, The Sun, Corner of 10th Street and Rosser Avenue; Rosser Avenue from the Post Office [facing east], Union Bank of Canada; City Hall; Experimental Farm, Brandon [facing north]; Experimental Farm Brandon [facing south]; Fourth Proceeding Threshing Wheat by Electric Power on Farm of G.A. Patterson, Near Brandon; Farm Scenes Near Brandon: First Proceeding in Farming in the Canadian North West – Plowing, Second Proceeding – Sowing Wheat, Third Proceeding – Reaping, Field of Wheat Near Brandon, Ready for Threshing, $5 Bushels to the Acre; and Court House The three colour photocopies are reproductions of photographs of the City of Brandon’s 181st Battalion Band circa 1916 – 1917. Earle Forshaw’s father, Arthur Forshaw (#865277), was a bandsman who played both the violin and trumpet with the 181st Battalion and is pictured in each of the photographs. The photograph (13-2013.1) is of an 11-member chamber group featuring a female cellist and female vocalist. A.H. Forshaw is on the left-hand side of the back row wearing a military uniform with Canadian general service collar badges and holding a violin under his arm. The photograph (13-2013.2) is of the 23-member 181st Battalion band. All the members are in uniform and sporting the 181st Battalion Cap badge. A.H. Forshaw is standing second from the right in the second row and holding a trumpet. The photograph (13-2013.3) is of the 181st Battalion band at the Brandon Exposition in 1916 at the Summer Fair Grounds and grandstand.
Notes
Information in the history/biography was taken from the finding aid course assignment completed by Chris van Mejil for the Brandon University History Department’s 54:437 Historical Methods and Historiography course (2013); Manitoba Vital Statistics Database; Canadian Expeditionary Force Attestation Papers for Arthur Forshaw (#865277); Canada 1916 Census; Henderson’s Brandon City Directories from 1911 to 1933; City of Brandon GIS: Cemetery Map; FindaGrave.com; Lancashire Anglican Parish Registers. Preston, England: Lancashire Archives (ancestry.ca); Winnipeg Free Press (09 May 1951 [Earle]; 18 May 1962, 19 May 1962 [John Hugh Forshaw]; 03 June 1976 [Arthur Hugh Forshaw]; 12 September 1998 [Earle widower]; 15 January 2000 [Earle marriage]) Phylip Forshaw’s birth is registered under “Philip Roy Fershaw” in the Manitoba Vital Statistics Database. Maud Ethel Hicklings [sic.] death is registered in Manitoba Vital Statistics Database but her tombstone in the Brandon Municipal Cemetery reads “Hickling.” Rohda [sic.] Elizabeth Forshaw’s birth is registered in the Manitoba Vital Statistics Database and her name is spelled as such in the 1916 Canadian Census, however, the Winnipeg Free Press obituary (03 June 1976) for Arthur Hugh Forshaw spells her name “Rhoda.” The Brandon Manitoba: The Wheat City, published by Christies Bookstore is assigned a publication date of 1907 based on the construction of the Brandon Collegiate Institute Description by Suyoko Tsukamoto
Accruals
closed
Finding Aid
none
Location Original
Original photographs were retained by Earle Forshaw
Storage Location
New oversize drawer 2 (photos) Brandon, Manitoba: The Wheat City (Rare Books) Illustrated Souvenir of Brandon (Reading Room Library shelves)
Related Material
Gerry Beaubier collection
Alf Fowler collection
Fred McGuinness collection
Rare Books FC3399.B73I5
Show Less

Alexander MacPhail collection

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4541
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1901-1963
Accession Number
26-2006
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
26-2006
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1901-1963
History / Biographical
ALEXANDER MACPHAIL (14 July 1900 - 29 July 1986) Alex was born in Vista, MB on July 14, 1900, son of John and Catherine MacPhail. He married Florence Turner (d. 1977) at Winnipeg on December 22, 1948 and together they farmed the family farm at Vista. In 1965 they purchased a house in Shoal Lake but continued to farm in Vista until Alex's retirement in 1973, when he sold the farm. Alex was involved in the 4-H Club at Vista and was a member of the Grain Growers Association. He was also very interested in Wildlife Conservation, an interest which led him to donate a 1/4 section of land to them. Alex also started a museum in Shoal Lake, which in time he turned over to the Village. He was a school trustee for Islay School Board at Vista from 1937-1939 and took the position of Chairman from 1939, until the school closed on 1968. During his years of farming he was a registed Seed Grower and in 1957 was awarded the Robertson Certificate. As a hobby he was a beekeeper. Alexander MacMillan MacPhail passed away at the Shoal Lake-Strathclair Health Centre on Tuesday, July 29, 1986 at the age of 86 years. MARION (MACPHAIL) MCCORMACK (1903 - 10 February 1988) Marion attended Islay School and Rosburn Collegiate. Upon graduation, she attended Manitoba Normal School, and became a teacher. She worked at Perth, Islay (1927-1934), Plumas, Strathclair and Minnedosa. She met and married Coll McCormack (d. 1973) in 1952, and they lived in Minnedosa. She retired from teaching in 1967. Marion McCormack passed away on February 10, 1988. IAIN MACPHAIL (1912-1937) Iain MacPhail was born in Vista, MB in 1912. During the years that he was attending high school, he took a keen interest in farming. After he completed his Grande XII, some of the farm projects were expanded, including bee keeping. It was while attending a Bee-Keepers Course at the University of Manitoba that Iain took ill and passed away in 1937. JOHN ARMSTRONG (6 May 1930 - 21 June 2005) John Armstrong was born May 6, 1930, the second son of Kate (McKinnon) and William Armstrong. He attended Perth school for his elementary grades, then Vista and Rossburn where he finished high school. John farmed with his dad and brother Hugh, except for one year of permit teaching on the Daupin River Reserve, which was accessible by canoe. John lived at home with his parents and cared for them until his dad's passing in 1972 and his mother's in 1982. At one time John was a leader of the 4-H Seed Club and was able to help members with his weed and plant identification skills. He did some secretarial work for 4-H and the Argyle Presbyterian Church. John William Armstrong of Rossburn passed away June 21, 2005 at the Shoal Lake-Strathclair Health Centre.
Custodial History
The records in this collection were accumulated in the residence of Alexander MacPhail from various family members. The materials were discovered in the attic of MacPhail's house on the MacPhail land in Vista, MB in 2005. Subsequently they were given to Gerald R. Brown by the family living in the MacPhail house. They resided in Brown's home until their donation to the McKee Archives in September 2006.
Scope and Content
The collection consists of teaching materials and textbooks used by members of the MacPhail family - Alex, Marion and Iain. It has been divided into two sub-series, including: (1) Textbooks; and (2) Teaching materials.
Notes
Biographical notes were written by Gerald R. Brown and were taken from his "Vista Tales . . . from Islay School District No. 733 in Vista, Manitoba." Description by Christy Henry.
Name Access
Alexander MacPhail
Marion MacPhail
Marion McCormack
Iain MacPhail
John Armstrong
Manitoba Normal School
Storage Location
2006 accessions
Storage Range
2006 accessions
Related Material
Gerald R. Brown fonds (MG 2 Brandon College Students, 2.2 Gerald R. Brown).
Show Less

Greenway fair fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4711
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1923, 1945-1990
Accession Number
35-2006
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
35-2006
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1923, 1945-1990
Physical Description
12.5 cm
History / Biographical
Greenway was located seven miles east of Baldur in southwestern Manitoba. The hamlet started out as a branch point in a railway spur and took its name from Thomas Greenway, one of the early premiers of Manitoba. The Greenway Fair was held annually in Greenway until 1973, when it was moved to Baldur where better facilities were available.
Custodial History
The records were donated to the Archives by Glen Olmstead prior to 1997 (approximately 1990). The fonds was originally in the possession of Doris Stone.
Scope and Content
Fonds consists of newsclippings, a membership to the Greenway Agricultural Society, a paper napkin from the 60th Anniversary (1914-1974) of the Greenway United Church, "The History of Greenway 1889-1975", the program for the Manitoba Centennial Service 1970 held at Glenora Anglican Church, Greenway Agricultural Society prize lists from 1923, 1945-1951, 1953-1954, 1957-1990, two publications on the standards for judging foods, clothing and handicrafts at fairs and exhibitions and a copy of the program for the Greenway cairn dedication.
Notes
Description by Christy Henry.
Storage Location
2006 accessions
Storage Range
2006 accessions
Show Less

C. J. Barnes fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4808
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
ca. 1962
Accession Number
20-1997
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
20-1997
GMD
textual records
Date Range
ca. 1962
Physical Description
2 cm
History / Biographical
C. J. Barnes was born in Brandon, Manitoba in February 1884. His parents were native Nova Scotians who arrived in Brandon in the early 1880s. In 1884, the family settled on a homestead near the present town of Lauder. This homestead was sold in 1899, and the family moved to farm in the district of Medora. C. J. Barnes took over the operation of this farm in the early 1900s. He farmed until 1924. Barnes was educated in schools in the Truro School District and the village of Lauder. He was active in the original Territorial Grain Growers' Association.
Custodial History
This fonds was accessioned by the McKee archives in 1997. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Fonds contains a pamphlet written and published by C.J. Barnes titled Seventy Years in Southwestern Manitoba. The pamphlet contains an account of life in rural southwestern Manitoba from the 1880s through to the 1940s. The pamphlet is based on a variety of sources including diaries written by Mr. Barnes' father. Fonds also includes some hand-drawn maps not included in the published version of the pamphlet, as well as four letters c.1962, between C.J. Barnes and Rev. Robert Harvey in his capacity as a columnist for the Brandon Sun.
Notes
CAIN No. 202605
Subject Access
Rev. Robert Harvey
Lauder
Medora
Deloraine
Southwestern Manitoba
Agriculture
Boundary Commission Trails
Storage Location
1997 accessions
Storage Range
1997 accessions
Show Less

Brandon Women's Musical Club fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4810
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1953-1965
Accession Number
13-2002
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
13-2002
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1953-1965
Physical Description
10 cm
History / Biographical
The Brandon Women's Musical Club was formed in 1945 by Miss Peggy Sharpe and Miss Hilda Smith. Together with a group of women from around Brandon, they managed to form a large club for, according to the club's constitution, "the study of vocal and instrumental music, literature and related arts and the encouragement of promising Junior Artists under eighteen years of age." With these goals in mind, the club undertook to provide tuition for young music students and contributed to the formation of the Brandon Women's Musical Choral Club. The club held meetings during which club members listened to guest speakers and observed performances by local musical and dance groups, as well as some national musical stars. The group also sponsored performances of musicals, plays, and recitals, and held an annual Christmas party.
Custodial History
This fonds was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 2002. Previous custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Fonds is composed predominantly of two scrapbooks, one of which covers the years 1953-1960, the other the years 1960-1965. The scrapbooks contain newspaper clippings about the Musical Club's meetings and performances. There is also a file containing miscellaneous correspondence, the constitution and bylaws of the group, the club's membership lists from 1959-1964, and questionnaires about the Women's Musical Club.
Notes
CAIN No. 202589
Subject Access
Peggy Sharpe
Hilda Smith
Lorne Watson
Eric Davies
Nona Mari
Isabelle Coghlin
Janine Theriault
Peggie Sampson
Howard Leyton-Brown
Norman Chapman
Peter Koslowsky
Nora Needham
Lucien Needham
Brandon Women's Musical Club
Brandon Women's Musical Choral Club
Baroque Trio of Montreal
Brandon College School of Music
Wilson Trio
City of Brandon
women's clubs
choral groups
musical clubs
scrapbooks
Storage Location
2002 accessions
Storage Range
2002 accessions
Show Less

Minnedosa Business and Professional Women's Club fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4811
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1953-1965
Accession Number
11-2002
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
11-2002
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1953-1965
Physical Description
10 cm
History / Biographical
The Minnedosa Business and Professional Women's Club was organized on May 14, 1959. The group received its charter on September 15, 1959 at a ceremony that included guests from Minnedosa, Neepawa, Dauphin, Brandon, and Portage La Prairie. The first president of the club was Mrs. Julie Johnson. In September 1959 the club had 15 members. The Minnedosa Club became the thirteenth Business and Professional Women's Club chartered in Manitoba. The purpose of the club was to train and educate women in business and the professions and to promote women's participation in local, provincial, and national affairs. The club included many committees such as the Public Relations, Membership, Survey and Archives, Programme and Projects, Social and Courtesy, International Affairs, Budget and Finance, Federation Promotion, Personal Development, Public Affairs, and Resolutions, Legislation and Employment Committees. The Minnedosa Club held exhibitions, hosted guest speakers, observed Business Women's Week, and held workshops for all of the Business and Professional Women's Clubs in Manitoba on a few occasions. Over the years the club made many donations to the Minnedosa Museum, the Minnedosa Centennial Committee, and charities such as UNICEF, Ramallah Fund, Children's Aid, and United Way. The Minnedosa Business and Professional Women's Club was very concerned with the status of women in Canada and around the world. The Minnedosa Club disbanded in May 1980. After the disbanding of the club, the women who were involved in the club formed the Just For Fun Club.
Custodial History
This fonds was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 2002. Previous custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Fonds is comprised mainly of four scrapbooks, which run from 1959-1979, 1959-1963, 1959-1964, and 1977-1979. The scrapbooks contain photos, newspaper clippings, Christmas cards, correspondence and programs. The clippings relate to Business and Professional Women's Clubs from around Manitoba, while focusing on the Minnedosa Club. Many of the clippings also focus on the status of women in Canada and the rest of the world. Fonds also contains financial records and minutes from the years 1959-1980. There is also a copy of the club's bylaws, as well as monthly membership reports from 1976-1980. The fonds also includes a brief typed history of the Minnedosa Club, as well as other loose newspaper clippings, programs, songbooks, and correspondence. Finally, there are three guestbooks included in the collection. The first runs from 1959-1978. The second guestbook is from the Art and Ceramic Display and Tea, held on May 27, 1972. The third guestbook is from the Art and Ceramic Dispay and Tea, held on May 29, 1976.
Notes
CAIN No. 202581
Subject Access
Julie Johnson
Louise Card
Effie Macdonald
Mary Macdonald
Marion McCormick
Gladys Thompson
Town of Minnedosa
Minnedosa Business and Professional Women's Club
Canadian Federation of Business and Professional Women's Clubs
Manitoba Provincial Organization of Business and Professional Women's Clubs
Flin Flon Business and Professional Women's Club
Dauphin Business and Professional Women's Club
Brandon Business and Professional Women's Club
International Peace Gardens
women's clubs
women's issues
status of women
scrapbooks
newspaper clippings
Storage Location
2002 accessions
Storage Range
2002 accessions
Related Material
Brandon Business and Professional Women's Club (10-2002); Minnedosa Business and Professional Women's Club (11-2002); Neepawa Business and Professional Women's Club (12-2002); Trilliam Business and Professional Women's Club (2-2006).
Show Less

Martin Kavanagh fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4812
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1971-1987
Accession Number
10-2004
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
10-2004
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1971-1987
Physical Description
12.5 cm
History / Biographical
Martin Kavanagh was born in Wicklow, Ireland in 1895. He was educated in Wexford, Dublin and London. Following his arrival in Canada in 1923, Kavanagh was employed as the Principal of Treherene High School. In 1929, he joined the staff of Brandon Collegiate Institute. He taugh Latin and Geography at the Collegiate until 1963. In 1946, Kavanagh published The Assiniboine Basin: A Study of Discovery, Exploration and settlenment. In 1963, he published La verendrye - His Life and Times. Martin Kavanagh died in 1987.
Custodial History
Fonds remained in the possession of Kevin Kavanagh and James Wall following Martin Kavanagh's death. Wall donated his portion of the fonds to the McKee Archives in November 2004. Kevin Kavanagh donated his portion of the fonds in December 2004.
Scope and Content
Fonds contains an unpublished autobiography written by Martin Kavanagh and several draft narratives for a slide presenation based on Kavanagh's biography of La Verendrye. Fonds also contains one file of business correspondence c. 1971.
Notes
CAIN No. 202577
Subject Access
Martin Kavanagh
La Verendrye
Manitoba
Brandon
New France
settlement
exploration
biography
Storage Location
2004 accessions
Storage Range
2004 accessions
Related Material
Martin Kavanagh is listed in the Westman Oral History collection (35-1998).
Show Less

Manitoba Genealogical Society fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4814
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
c.1880 to c.1980
Accession Number
9-1998
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
9-1998
GMD
textual records
Date Range
c.1880 to c.1980
Physical Description
30 cm
History / Biographical
The Southwest Branch of the Manitoba Genealogical Society was established in 1978. The Branch was formed following a meeting with members of the Manitoba Genealogical Association formed in 1977. The organization was created to assist individuals interested in doing genealogical research through the provision of genealogical data and archival resources. Since its creation the Southwest Branch has also issued a newletter and published a series of cenusus summaries based on the 1901 Canadian census.
Custodial History
These records were donated to the McKee archives in 1990 by J.D. Wall on behalf of the Southwest Branch of the Manitoba Genealogical Society.
Scope and Content
Fonds includes transcripts of the records transcribed from cemetery headstones located in cemeteries throughout southwestern Manitoba. Each transcript includes details about the cemetery records and all details including names, dates, and inscriptions from each headstone. The collection includes a "Cemetery Transcript List" detailing those cemeteries for which transcripts exist. Transcripts include those for the following cemeteries: Alexander, Birdtail Sioux Indian Reserve, Blenheim Church, Glencoe, Boissevain, Brandon, Brandon Hills Church Cemetery, Brookdale, Carberry District, Coultervale, Elgin, Elkhorn, Humesville, Lauder, Kerfoot (Gregg Cemetery), Icelandic Gravesite (Tilston), History of Kingsley Cemetery near Somerset, Madford Cemetery, Old Medora Cemetery, Melgund, Millford Cemetery, Noble Cemetery, Methven , Millord Cemetery, Roseville Anglican Church Cemetery, St. Savior's Anglican Church, St. George's Anglican Church, Rounthwaite, Souris (Glenwood Cemetery), Skalholt, Wellwood, Woodville (Lund, Kola, Bennett, Two Creeks), Patterson (near Nesbitt), Sparling (near Justice), Tilston (near Sinclair), Royal Canadian Air Force Memorial (20 miles north of Rivers).
Notes
CAIN No. 202662
Subject Access
cemetary records
Genealogy
Brandon
Manitoba
Storage Location
1998 accessions
Storage Range
1998 accessions
Show Less

Bertha School District #861 fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4815
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1896-1961
Accession Number
8-1998
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
8-1998
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1896-1961
Physical Description
24 cm
History / Biographical
The Bertha School District, located south of Brandon in the Rural Municipality of Oakland, was established in 1896. It was integrated into the School Distict of Nesbitt in 1961. Subsequently, it became part of the Souris Valley School Division.
Custodial History
This fonds was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 1998. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Fonds consists of annual registers (1910-1961), minute books (1896-1962), account books (1896-1911, 1924-1956), an award of a Board of Arbitration (1961), a petition for consolidation with the School District of Nesbitt (1961), a financial report (1961), a map of the Souris Valley School Division showing rural school districts, and one debenture certificate (1896).
Notes
CAIN No. 202658
Subject Access
Rural Municipality of Oakland
Nesbitt School District
Souris Valley School Division
Rural Manitoba
schooling
history of Education
Storage Location
1998 accessions
Storage Range
1998 accessions
Related Material
Berbank Church fonds (28-1997), Berbank Ladies Aid fonds (27-1997) and Riverbank/Berbank Red Cross fonds (18-1997).
Show Less

Strathclair Women's Institute fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4817
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1942-1981
Accession Number
7-2002
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
7-2002
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1942-1981
Physical Description
19 cm
History / Biographical
The Strathclair Women's Institute was formed in 1925. The group's meetings had many interesting speakers over the years such as agricultural representatives, ministers, reeves and lawyers. The group arranged picnics, concerts, pot luck suppers and parties. The group also held learning sessions in various areas such as law. The Strathclair Women's Institute no longer exists. The closest Women's Institute to Strathclair is the Newdale Raven's Glen Women's Institute.
Custodial History
This fonds was accessioned in 2002 by the McKee Archives. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Fonds contains annual reports from 1942-1981, minutes from 1962-1964, standing committee reports c. 1962-1977 and resolutions c. 1960-80. A large part of the fonds includes information on Tweedsmuir competitions. Finally, the fonds includes correspondence, newspaper clippings and miscellaneous papers and pamphlets.
Notes
CAIN No. 202654. Description by Robyn Mitchell.
Subject Access
Verna Gamey
Strathclair Women's Institute
Manitoba Women's Institute
Town of Strathclair
rural women
women's organizations
Tweedsmuir competitions
newspaper clippings
Storage Location
2002 accessions
Storage Range
2002 accessions
Related Material
Related women's institute collections in the McKee Archives include: Manitoba Women's Institute; Minnedosa Women's Institute; Cordova Women's Institute; Clanwilliam Women's Institute; Rathwell Women's Institute; Strathclair Women's Institute; Crocus Women's Institute; Southwest A Region - Manitoba Women's Institute; Douglas Women's Institute
Show Less

Harry "Hap" Fraser fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4818
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1922-1936
Accession Number
6-1998
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
6-1998
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1922-1936
Physical Description
6 cm
History / Biographical
Harry "Hap" Fraser was born in Brandon, Manitoba on January 15, 1919. On February 12, 1945, he married Muriel Coleman of Virden. Fraser served in the RCAF during World War II, returning to Brandon in 1946. Harry Fraser was employed by Coca-Cola, Nutty Cup Candy Company and the Codville Company. Following a brief stint as manager of the North Hill IGA, Harry Fraser built an IGA grocery store on Victoria Avenue West. He operated this store until his retirement in 1972. Harry Fraser was a member of the Brandon Lion's Club from 1952 until his death. He also served a term on Brandon City Council. He passed away at his home in Brandon on April 2, 1991.
Custodial History
This fonds came into the possession of Fred McGuinness, a Brandon writer and acquaintance of Hap Fraser's, after Fraser's death. McGuinness donated it to the McKee Archives in 1998.
Scope and Content
Fonds consists of a single scrapbook containing articles and pictures of various personalities and events from the world of sports during the 1920s and 1930s. Hockey, baseball, basketball, wrestling, boxing, body building, bike racing, boat racing, track and field, swimming, diving, football, rugby, rifle shooting, tennis, bowling, horse racing, golf, soccer, and fishing are all featured in the scrapbook. The articles and pictures feature both local and internationally known sports figures. Fonds also contains pictures of celebrities, royalty, prominent military figures, inventors, and beauty queens from the same era.
Notes
CAIN No. 202646
Subject Access
spectator sports
mass media
social history
Storage Location
1998 accessions
Storage Range
1998 accessions
Show Less

Fairfax United Church fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4819
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1921-1970
Accession Number
42-1997
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
42-1997
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1921-1970
Physical Description
6 cm
History / Biographical
The Fairfax/Elgin United Church was formed in 1921, combining the Methodist (founded in 1889), and Presbyterian (founded in 1887) congregations in these communities. In 1968, the Elgin and Souris congregations joined and, in 1969, the original Elgin United Church was sold to the Fairfax Community Club.
Custodial History
The fonds was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 1997. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Fonds contains minute books (1922-1968), account books (1953-1970), account statements (1966-68), one annual report (1967), and documents of insurance and property transfer (1960-1970) concerning the Fairfax/Elgin United Church.
Notes
CAIN No. 202638
Subject Access
Harold W. Ritchie
C.H. Kirbyson
Ken L. Dobson
United Church
church union
rural history
rural development
religious history
Storage Location
1997 accessions
Storage Range
1997 accessions
Show Less

Ward Watson collection

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4821
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1935-1938
Accession Number
36-1997
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
36-1997
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1935-1938
Physical Description
2 cm
History / Biographical
Ward Watson was born in Brandon, Manitoba and attended Brandon Collegiate Institute in the late 1930's. In 1937, he was chosen out of the student body to attend the Coronation of King George VI in London, England. Watson graduated from the University of Manitoba in 1942. Until his retirement, Watson was an executive with Cargill Grain Company.
Custodial History
This collection was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 1997. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Collection contains yearbooks from Brandon Collegiate Institute - "The New Era" - for the years 1935 to 1938. The yearbooks include enrollment lists, pictures of classes and sports teams, short essays, editorial gossip, and local advertisments.
Notes
CAIN No. 202630
Subject Access
Brandon Collegiate
The New Era
Brandon
Coronation
high school
Storage Location
1997 accessions
Storage Range
1997 accessions
Show Less

United Grain Growers collection

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4822
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1922-1937
Accession Number
48-1997
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
48-1997
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1922-1937
Physical Description
3 cm
History / Biographical
The United Grain Growers, a farmer controlled co-operative elevator association, was established in 1917, with the amalgamation of the Grain Growers Grain Company (1906), and the Alberta Farmer's Co-operative Elevator company (1913). Its original purpose was to provide a co-operative alternative to privately owned grain elevators.
Custodial History
This collection was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 1997. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Collection includes copies of correspondence between T.A. Crerar, President of United Grain Growers and Colin Burnell, President, Manitoba Co-operative Wheat Producers (1925-26); correspondence directed to the Shareholders of United Grain Growers (1926-38); minutes of a meeting between representatives of the United Grain Growers and the provincial wheat pools (1937); as well as a variety of publications about the history and activities of the United Grain Growers (1917-18, 1927, 1929, 1951, 1956).
Notes
CAIN No. 202642. Description by Christy Henry.
Subject Access
T.A. Crerar
Colin H. Burnell
R.S. Law
Grain Growers Guide
Elevators
Agriculture
Manitoba
Storage Location
1997 accessions
Storage Range
1997 accessions
Show Less

Berbank Church fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4825
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1919-1966
Accession Number
28-1997
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
28-1997
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1919-1966
Physical Description
6 cm
History / Biographical
The name Berbank was created by combining the names of two local districts: Riverbank and Bertha. Both were located south of Brandon in the Rural Municipality of Oakland. The Berbank Church was built in 1919. Its construction grew out of the work of the Berbank Red Cross founded in 1917. The Berbank Church was a "union" church, constructed in anticipation of the formation of the United Church of Canada. In 1966, the Berbank congregation joined with the Nesbitt congregation to operate out of the Nesbitt United Church. The final service at the Berbank United Church was held in 1966.
Custodial History
This fonds was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 1997. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Fonds contains a document titled "Berbank Church History." This document is partially in a printed format with a portion handwritten. Fonds also contains minute books and legal documents pertaining to the ownership of the land upon which the Church was constructed.
Notes
CAIN No. 202614
Subject Access
Red Cross
United Church of Canada
Presbyterian
Bertha
Riverbank
church union
World War I
Accruals
Berbank Red Cross fonds (18-1997), Berbank Ladies Aid fonds (27-1997), and Bertha School District fonds (8-1998 ).
Storage Location
1997 accessions
Storage Range
1997 accessions
Show Less

Canadian Union of Public Employees (Brandon, Manitoba) fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4826
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1956-1890; predominant 1964-1980
Accession Number
22-2003, 30-1999
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
22-2003, 30-1999
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1956-1890; predominant 1964-1980
Physical Description
5.2 m
History / Biographical
The Canadian Union of Public Employees came into existence in September 1963, during a convention in Winnipeg when The National Union of Public Employees and the National Union of Public Service Employees merged. In 1964, the Manitoba Division of CUPE (now CUPE Manitoba) held its founding convention in The Pas. At that time, there were 12 affiliated local unions and a total membership of 1,300. The Canadian Union of Public Employees is Canada's largest union. Public service employees formed CUPE to protect their rights, to negotiate wages and working conditions, and to achieve dignity in the workplace.
Custodial History
Fonds was in the possesssion of the Brandon CUPE Office until its donation to the S.J. McKee Archives in 1995.
Scope and Content
Fonds contains general administrative files of the CUPE including agreements, newspaper clippings, correspondence, and convention records. In addition, fonds includes records for many CUPE locals in southwestern and north-central Manitoba. These includes files for each local containing agreements, lists of officials, correspondence and financial records. An extensive body of records dating from 1956 exists for CUPE local #69. This local began its existence as the Brandon Civic Employees Federal Union formed in April 1919.
Notes
CAIN No. 202610
Subject Access
Canadian Union of Public Employees
Brandon Civic Employees Federal Union Local 69
collective bargaining
public sector unions
industrial relations
Storage Location
2003 accessions
Storage Range
2003 accessions
Show Less

David Sommerville Charleson fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4827
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
November 8, 1915
Accession Number
21-1997
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
21-1997
GMD
textual records
Date Range
November 8, 1915
Physical Description
2 mm (1 two-page letter -- 1 letter with envelope)
History / Biographical
David Sommerville Charleson was born January 14th, 1884, in Brandon, Manitoba. The Charleson's settled in the GlenSouris area south of Brandon, Manitoba in 1882. David Charleson enlisted on 24 September 1914. He served as a lieutenant in the 6th Infantry Battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Later, he transferred to the 8th Battalion. In Belgium, Charleson was a victim of an enemy gas attack early in the war, following which he returned to Canada incapacitated. Miss Estella Cullen, a trained nurse, cared for him following his return to Canada. David Sommerville Charleson died on May 12, 1925 a victim of war-time injuries. He is buried in the GlenSouris Cemetery just south of Brandon.
Custodial History
This fonds was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 1997. Prior custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Fonds consists of one letter written by Charleson from Belgium in early 1915 to Miss Estella Cullen in Rounthwaite, Manitoba. In the letter, Charleson describes the circumstances facing the Canadian troops in the trenches during the Great War and provides an account of the German trenches facing him. This is an evocative and reflective letter. Philatelists may find the condition of the stamps on the letter envelope of interest.
Notes
CAIN No. 202606
Subject Access
Estella Cullen
World War I
trench warfare
Great War
soldier's life
Canadian Expeditionary Force
Storage Location
1997 accessions
Storage Range
1997 accessions
Show Less

International Toastmistress Club - Land O'Lakes Region fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4829
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1963-1992
Accession Number
15-2002
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
15-2002
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1963-1992
Physical Description
1.75 m
History / Biographical
The International Toastmistress Club was officially organized in October of 1938, in California by Ernestine White. White thought that communication was the key to success in government, business, and community service. The purpose of the club was to help women gain communication and leadership skills. The North Central Region of the International Toastmistress Club began with the formation of the Winnipeg Toastmistress Club in 1946-47. This club was the first Toastmistress Club in Manitoba and the second club in Canada. The idea of forming a Toastmistress Club in Winnipeg came partly from some members of the Toastmaster Club in the city who had heard of the women's club formed in California. Other North Central Toastmistress Clubs soon followed, including more clubs in Winnipeg, and others throughout southern and central Manitoba, such as the Yellow Quill (Portage), Fort La Bosse (Virden), Colleen (Killarney), Cornucopia (Neepawa), Dauphin, Prairie Horizons (Brandon), Valley Echoes (Swan River), Urban Acres (Brandon), and Kinrossie (Souris) Toastmistress Clubs. The North Central Region was renamed the Land O'Lakes Region in 1966. In 1985, the International Toastmistress Club became the International Training in Communication organization.
Custodial History
This fonds was deposited at the McKee Archives on June 2, 1995 by Marlene Brichon of Brandon, Manitoba.
Scope and Content
Fonds includes a scrapbook made by the Urban Acres Toastmistress Club of Brandon, which spans the years 1963-1977. The scrapbook includes pictures, newspaper clippings, and programs. The fonds also includes the minutes of the Urban Acres Club from 1973-1986 and the club's reports from 1964-1986. A large number of newsletters such as the C4 News, Land O'Lakes Schooner, Ten-Talk, The Communicator, Pieces of Eight, and The Gavel, running from 1967-1990, as well as the official newsletter of the International Toastmistress Club "Toastmistress" from 1963-1972 are included. Fonds contains a history of the Winnipeg Toastmistress Club, as well as a history of the North Central Region, which later became the Land O'Lakes Region. There are also brief histories of the Yellow Quill, Urban Acres, Greenmantle, and Nellie McClung Toastmistress Clubs. Included in the fonds are bylaws and standing rules of the Land O'Lakes clubs, as well as the charters of the Yellow Quill, Colleen, Cornucopia, Fort La Bosse, Dauphin, and Prairie Horizons Clubs. A large part of the record consists of the minutes from international and regional meetings for the years 1969 to 1988. The fonds includes a public relations survey from the Land O'Lakes Region 1977-78, evaluations of various council meetings, Land O'Lakes' agendas and budgets from 1980-1985, and lists of Land O'Lakes executives. Finally, the fonds contains reports from various Land O'Lakes clubs from 1968-1992, as well as Land O'Lakes rosters from 1979-1985.
Notes
CAIN No. 202594
Subject Access
Thelma McClelland
Ernestine White
International Toastmistress Club
Land O'Lakes Region of International Toastmistress Club
Urban Acres Toastmistress Club
Valley Echoes Toastmistress Club
Prairie Horizons Toastmistress Club
Cornucopia Toastmistress Club
Colleen Toastmistress Club
Yellow Quill Toastmistress Club
Fort La Bosse Toastmistress Club
Dauphin Toastmistress Club
Kinrossie Toastmistress Club
Winnipeg Toastmistress Club
Nellie McClung Toastmistress Club
Greenmantle Toastmistress Club
women's organizations
public relations
leadership
communication
Storage Location
2002 accessions
Storage Range
2002 accessions
Show Less

Neepawa Business and Professional Women's Club fonds

http://archives.brandonu.ca/en/permalink/descriptions4832
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1955-1959
Accession Number
12-2002
Part Of
RG 5 Western Manitoba Manuscript Collection
Description Level
Collection
Accession Number
12-2002
GMD
textual records
Date Range
1955-1959
Physical Description
2 cm
History / Biographical
It appears that the Neepawa Business and Profession of Women's Club was established in 1955. The president of the club in 1955, was Nora Day. The objectives of the club were to enhance the status of professional and business women and to promote contact between women in business and the professions. The club had seven committees, including: the United Nations, Newsletter, Emblem, Social, Programme, Publicity, and Membership Committees. The Neepawa Club attended provincial conferences of the Business and Professional Women's Clubs and observed Business Women's Week. The club also hosted conferences,as well as local luncheons and picnics.
Custodial History
This fonds was accessioned by the McKee Archives in 2002. Previous custodial history is unknown.
Scope and Content
Fonds consists of one scrapbook made by the club, which covers the years 1955-1959. The scrapbook includes newspaper clippings, programs, invitations, and lists of club officers from around the province. The scrapbook also includes the bylaws of the Neepawa Club. Many of the newspaper clippings relate to the status of women in Canada and around the world.
Notes
CAIN No. 202586
Subject Access
Effie Macdonald
Mary Macdonald
Louise Card
Nora Day
Neepawa Business and Professional Women's Club
Manitoba Business and Professional Women's Clubs
Brandon Business and Professional Women's Club
Flin Flon Business and Professional Women's Club
Portage Business and Professional Women's Club
Selkirk Business and Professional Women's Club
St. James Business and Professional Women's Club
Winnipeg Business and Professional Women's Club
International Peace Gardens
women's clubs
status of women
scrapbooks
newspaper clippings
Storage Location
2002 accessions
Storage Range
2002 accessions
Related Material
Brandon Business and Professional Women's Club (10-2002); Minnedosa Business and Professional Women's Club (11-2002); Neepawa Business and Professional Women's Club (12-2002); Trilliam Business and Professional Women's Club (2-2006).
Show Less

68 records – page 1 of 4.